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1 语法辨析
Incorrect: In no case I have noticed him do a mistake
Correct: In no case have I noticed him do a mistake
在含有否定词语的词或短语在句首时，要采用倒装语序，这样的词组有：at notime (决不)， by no means (决不)， in no way (决不)…
Incorrect: Not a single word he said during the class
Correct: Not a single word did he say during theclass
由not起始的短语位于句首时，如： not a single word， not a soul， notuntil， not only，等。
Incorrect: Very seldom she sings a song in her room
Correct: Very seldom does she sing a song in her room
由否定词开始的句子要采用倒装语序，如：seldom， rarely， never， little， neither， in vain， hardly， scarcely， no sooner等。
Incorrect: -I haven't got a ticket for the concert
-Neither I have it
Correct: -I haven't got a ticket for the concert
-Neither have I
在nor， neither， no more 等词用在简单答语中，表示与前文的情况相同时，要用倒装语序。
Incorrect: Only yesterday I found a good job
Correct: Only yesterday did I find a good job
当以only开始的短语或状语从句位于句首用来加强语气时，要采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: She can swim across the river easily, so I can
Correct: She can swim across the river easily, so can I
当so在答语中用来表达与上文的关系时，放在句首文中常译为：我也如何……要采用倒装语序。要注意的是如果只是对原来句子内容的重复则不要采用倒装语序，如：English is difficult to learn well So it
is
Incorrect: So hard he studied that he might go to college
Correct: So hard did he study that he might go to college
so位于句首其后接形容词、副词用来加强语气时,则要采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: Happily the students studied in this middle school
Correct: Happily did the students study in thismiddle school
当副词位于句首用来强调语气时,如：happily， especially， well …
Incorrect: He had studied hard， he would have passed the exam
Correct: If he had studied hard， he would havepassed the exam
Correct: Had he studied hard， he would have passed the exam
在虚拟语气中，如果在条件句的if省略时，条件句要采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: Under the tree a beautiful darkhaired girl wassitting
Correct: Under the tree was sitting a beautifuldarkhaired girl
在某些由介词打头的地点状语位于句首时，为了使语言更生动，则句子要采用倒装，如：on the bed， around the corner， along the river …
Incorrect: Look! Here comes he
Correct: Look! Here comes the bus
Correct: Look! Here he comes
由here， there起始的句子如果其主语是人称代词时，则不采用倒装语序，否则要采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: Is she going to school?
No， she is cycling
Correct: Is she going to school?
No， to the shops
在对话时通常问句用完整的句子，而答语则要用简单的省略句，而被省略的部分应与上句是完全相同的，句意才不会被误解。
Incorrect: -"Is your girl coming to the concert?"
-"I don't hope so"
Correct: -"Is your girl coming to the concert?"
-"I hope not"
在think， believe， suppose这些词用在肯定答语中为I think / believe /suppose so 但用在否定答语时 I don't think so 为习惯用法，但hope的习惯用法是I hope not， I believe not
Incorrect: As born in the city， the writer was most famousfor his start story about the country life
Correct: Although born in the city， the writerwas most famous for his start story about the country life
在状语从句中常用 when， since， as， while， however， though， although直接加分词而省去从句的其他部分。这时要注意它们的语气是否是让步语气，不要乱用。
Incorrect: I like playing football
Correct: I do like playing football
助动词do (did， does) 用在肯定句中，用来加强语气，表示一定要如何，或真正的，真实的。
Incorrect: It was the gate that he told me the news
Correct: It was at the gate that he told me thenews
在用it is (was) … that (who) 这一强调句型时，如果强调的是地点、时间状语，那么要连其前面的介词一起放在这一结构之间。
Incorrect: Not until all the fish died in the river the villagers realize how serious the pollution was
Correct: Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realized how serious the pollution was
以否定词打头的句子应采用倒装语序，而这里采用的是部分倒装语序。即将谓语动词的一部分放在主语前面(一般讲是助动词)， 而将其余部分仍放于主语后面。采用部分倒装的情况一般有：其一具有否定意义的副词和状语词组位于句首时，如：not until，hardly， seldom, little等。 其二是用于在虚拟语气条件句将if省略后的倒装。
Incorrect: So the lake is shallow that no fish can livein it
Correct: So shallow is the lake that no fish canlive in it
这里采用的是全部倒装，即将整个谓语动词放在主语前面。全部倒装一般用于：其一，用neither， no， so 打头用来表达前句所讲的事同时符合于另外一个主语所作的事；其二， 用于介词短语作地点状语用于句首时；其三即是here， there， out， in， up， down…等副词打头的句子中。
Incorrect: Whom do you think could do such thing?
Correct: Who do you think could do such thing?
一般经常认为whom是think的宾语，其实不然。英语中有许多短语或附加成份，与全句无直接关系。这种附加部分叫插入语。所以这句do you think 是插入语，其原句应为Whocould do such thing?这样的短语有： do you think / suppose / believe, I'm afraid， you know， it is said， to tell the truth， as far as I know， for example， in fact…当疑问句带有插入语时，要在原句中使用陈述语序,如：How long did she say she would stay here? 而不加插入语时应为 How long would shestay here?
Incorrect: Will you come to the party?
Sorry， I'm not afraid
Correct: Will you come to the party?
Sorry， I'm afraid not
not在否定句中放于助动词之后；而在表示不会做某事时，可用于believe， expect， fear， trust， hope， appear， be afraid之后。
Incorrect: She hardly doesn't eat butter
Correct: She hardly eats butter
因hardly已是否定词了，句子已为否定句，而不要再用否定词，以避免双重否定。当然有否定之否定的肯定修辞法，如："I have been studying French everyday for three months" "That's good， but that doesn't mean you don't
still have alot to learn "这后半句应译为:但这并不是说你没有什么东西可学了。
Incorrect: I'll be away on business Would you mind looking after my cat!
Not at all， I'd like it
Correct: I'll be away on business Would you mind looking after my
cat!
Not at all， I'd be happy to / I'd love to
在英语对话和文章中常应用省略这一概念。其原则是当作省略时，句子的意思是十分明确的，而省略的部分应与上文中相对应部分的结构一致。当省略不定式时要保留不定式符号 to, 如: I'd like to I'd love to. I don't want to
Incorrect: That is a fact that English is being accepted asan international language
Correct: It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language
It在这里是作形式主语，它还可以作形式宾语代替不定式，动名词，和主、宾语从句。这样做的原因是英国人不愿意讲话头重脚轻。其次it还可以用来表示天气、时间、距离等。
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