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2 例题解析
［例1］ your officebefore you leave
A Calling B Call C Calls D Called
［答案］B． 因这是祈使句，所以不要用非谓语动词来代替谓语。祈使句是向听话者直接发出命令或劝告，所以主语被省略了，其否定式为don't do…。
表2－3祈使句惯用法简表
| 功用 |
人称 |
形式 |
说明 |
例句 |
| 表示请求或命令 |
第二人称 |
肯定 |
省略主语，用动词原形 |
Make yourself at home.
Step this way, please. |
|
否定 |
don't＋动词原形
never＋动词原形 |
Don't worry.
Never be discouraged. |
|
第一、三人称 |
肯定 |
Let + me (us, him…)+动词原形 |
Let's begin, shall we?
Let me try again. |
|
否定 |
Let's not…
Don't let him… |
Let's not say anything about it.
Don't let him go out. |
［例2］You'd better come tomorrow， ?
A didn't you B couldn't you C hadn't you D wouldn't you
［答案］C． 当陈述句中有助动词时，如dare， need， had，would 附加疑问句中要用这个助动词。
表2－4附加疑问句习惯用法简表
| 情况说明 |
例句 |
| have表示"有" |
She hasn't any brothers, has
she?
She doesn't have any brothers, does
she? |
|
have 用于一般行为动词 |
You all had a good time, didn't
you? |
|
have to, had to |
We have to go at once, don't
we?
They had to take the early bus, didn't
they? |
|
need, dare作情态动词 |
You needn't hand in your homework today,need
you?
She dare do it, daren't she? |
|
need, dare 作行为动词 |
He doesn't need to hurry, does
he?
She doesn't dare come late again, does
she? |
|
陈述部分含used to |
He used to get up very early, usedn't (didn't)
he? |
|
陈述部分有表示否定的词： never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few,little, nobody, no one,
nothing… |
He can hardly swim, can he?
You have nothing else to ask, have you?
She has few friends, has she?
No one was absent, was he? |
|
陈述部分用evrything, nothing 作主语 |
Everything is all right, isn't
it?
Nothing can stop the wheel of the history, can it? |
|
陈述部分用 everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none作主语 |
Everyone is here, isn't he?
Someone came late, didn't they?
Nobody was hurt, was he? |
|
陈术部分含 I am… |
I'm right, aren't I? |
|
陈述部分含 there+be |
There is something wrong with my bike,isn't
there? |
|
I don't think (suppose, believe…)+宾语从句 |
I don't think he knows it, does
he? |
| 陈述部分含 must |
We must go there early, needn't we?
He must be a foreigner, isn't he?
You must have finished your work, haven't you?
He must have arrived there yesterday, didn't she?
We mustn't be late, must(may)we? |
|
陈述部分含too…to… |
He is too young to go to school, is he? |
|
陈述部分含带有否定前缀的词： unhappy, dislike… |
He is unhappy today,isn't he? |
［例3］"What a lovely day， "
A doesn't it B isn't it C hasn't it Dwon't it
［答案］B． 感叹句的附加疑问句要用 be 动词的一般现在时，其主语要看,对人感叹用he或you，对事物感叹用it。
［例4］ of them do not smoke， A packet of cigarettes will be
enough
A No B None C All D Every one
［答案］C． 如果主语用全部否定，要使用全部否定词，如： never， neither，nothing， none， nobody， nowhere 等。而用 not 来否定all， everything， everybody， both 等词，则表示部分否定，如： We are not right 为我们不都对，而None of us are right 则为我们全不对。 All 作主语，其谓语动词要视具体情况而定。
［例5］I want to goto see this film
A am B have C do D be
［答案］C． 用助动词 do (did， does) 来表示强调。
［例6］It John and Mary who helped me the other day
A has been B are C was D is
［答案］C． 因强调句是由It is (was)…that(who)…来组成的。
［例7］Is this the restaurant ?
A which you work B in which you work
C for that you work D where you work in
［答案］B． 这是个定语从句，而A选项中因work是不及物动词，所以不能用关系代词。而D选项又多个介词in， 因where是关系副词。而C选项that在定语从句中不能位于介词之后。
［例8］This was the place
A about that I was telling you
B about I was telling you
C about which I was telling you
D that I was telling you
［答案］C． 因动词词组为 tell about，所以在定语从句中也要注意动词与介词的固定搭配。
［例9］He studied hard at school when he was young led to his success in his later life
A which B therefore C which D that
［答案］A． 因which的先行词应为整个句子，所以要用非限制性定语从句，要注意的是which前应有逗号。
［例10］The dictionary is not in the library
A that I need it B I need it
C which I need it D I need
［答案］D． 因关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略，但不能重复。
［例11］Speak to him slowly he may understand you better
A since B so that C for D because
［答案］B． 因为这是目的状语从句，也可以用in order that来替换。
［例12］My car is in bad condition I can't drive it
A such…that B too…to C so…that D such a…that
［答案］D． 因such＋形容词＋可数名词复数或不可数名词＋that
such＋a(an)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that
so＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数可数名词＋that
so＋形容词＋that
so＋little / few / much / many ＋ 名词 ＋ that
［例13］ knows the truth will tell you about it
A Who that B Whoever C Whom that D That
［答案］B． 因这里是主语从句，而whoever用来作从句中的主语。
［例14］We must do well the teacher assigns us to do
A that B what C which D those
［答案］B． 因这里是宾语从句，在引导名词性从句时that只是引导词，无法作do的宾语，只有what既可作引导词又可作do的宾语。
［例15］The reason I plan to go is if I don't
A because she will be disappointed
B that she will be disappointed
C because she will have a disappointment
D on account of she will be disappointed
［答案］B． 因中文中有讲某事的原因是因为……,但英文中要用that而不要用because.
［例16］The reason I'm writing is to tell you about the plan
A because B why C for D as
［答案］B． reason后的定语从句中的关系副词用why， why 不是"先行词",是关系副词。
［例17］What are you looking at?
A picture of the playground which I used to
A play B playing C play on D play with it
［答案］C． 因play其后要加的是地点状语,所以on不能省略。
［例18］Ice consists of the same molecules water
A that B which C like D as
［答案］D． 当先行词前有such， the same等词修饰时，定语从句中的关系代词要用as或that。而the same … as …是像……一样。the same…that为即是这个物体。
［例19］She always takes her dictionary she goes
A which B wherever C that D the place
［答案］B． 这里是wherever引导的地点状语从句，要注意，区别定语从句与地点状语从句用法上的不同。
［例20］She was the first one who finished the test paper
Yes， but she worked so fast a great many mistakes
A that she made B as to make
C is the making of D to make
［答案］A． so that 不分开时表示目的或结果。而so…that则只表示结果。so as to表示的是目的而不是结果。
［例21］ not a goodthing that they didn't find your mistakes
A That's B It's C There's D What's
［答案］B． 因这里it是形式主语，而真正的主语是其句后的宾语从句。
［例22］He works too hard That is is wrong with him
A that which B the what C what D the thing what
［答案］C． 这里是由what引出的表语从句，而what在从句中作主语，要注意的是that在引导名词性从句时仅仅是个引导词，而不能在其句中作成分，在引导主语从句和表语从句时，一般不要省略。如： One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that it appeals to many different people 《哈姆雷特》一剧之所以成功，是因其对各阶层人都有吸引力。
［例23］Do you remember where my watch?
A had I put B had put I C I had put Dput I
［答案］C． 宾语从句可由how， when， which， why， who，where， that来引导，但要注意的是它的语序必须用陈述语序，而不要用疑问语序。
［例24］Although I expected something different I was still surprised by
he said
A that B which C what D it
［答案］C． 这里从句是作介词宾语，而宾语从句中缺少及物动词 said 的宾语，所以引导词只能用what。要注意的是介词一般不接由that引导的宾语从句，除与特殊介词之外,如： except， in， but， beside。如：
I don't know his address except that it was an interesting place
［例25］"This plane will take off at fouro'clock"
"What change of taking an earlier plane?"
A is there B there is C it is D is it
［答案］A． 这是there be 句形的疑问式。
［例26］The old man went to town， bought some food， and
A visiting his daughter
B to visiting his daughter
C visited his daughter
D visit his daughter
［答案］C． 并列连接词与从属连词，如 and， but， as well as， than 等连接成分时，要注意前后成分的对等性和一致性，如此题谓语形式必须一致。如是非谓语动词时，其形式也必须相同，如下例。
［例27］I spent a whole day， writing letters and the house
A cleaned B cleaning C to clean D being cleaned
［答案］B． 因and连接了两个现在分词。
［例28］There is difference between what he says and
A whatever we do B what he does
C that which is done D what is done
［答案］B． 因连接从句时，其从句的句型结构也应相等。
［例29］The beginner should not explore theinside of a television set,
A in doing so may give you a shock
B for you might get a shock by doing so
C for he may get a shock if he does
D in that a shock might be caused by doing it
［答案］C． 要注意连接成分中代词的前后呼应。因这里主语是the beginner，所以用he。
［例30］To do well on the test，
A the four choices should be looked at carefully before you make a choice
B don't answer anything before a careful look at the four choices
C before you choose an answer， carefully look at the four choices
D look at the four choices carefully before choosing an answer
［答案］D． 写一个句子时应十分注意整句的逻辑关系，不仅介词，动名词，不定式的逻辑主语要与主句保持一致，而且复合句中的逻辑关系也不能颠倒。这例中句子的起始为一祈使句。
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