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(一) 易混动词
所谓易混动词，是在学生学习和使用中出错率较高的词，它们有的形似意不同，有的意同但用法不同，所以要加以注意。
1 语法辨析
Incorrect: She laid down and soon fell asleep.
Correct: She lay down and soon fell asleep.
这三个易混动词是lay放、lie躺、lie说谎（见表8-3）。
表8-3三个易混动词构成
| 中文 |
原形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
现在分词 |
说明 |
|
放 |
lay |
laid |
laid |
laying |
及物动词 |
|
躺 |
lie |
lay |
lain |
lying |
不及物动词 |
|
说谎 |
lie |
lied |
lied |
lying |
不及物动词 |
Incorrect: Mr.Brown knew that prices always raised.
Correct: Mr.Brown knew that prices always rose.
rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
Incorrect: Does she care for this film?
Yes, she cares for it very much.
Correct: Does she care for this film?
Yes, she likes it very much.
在肯定句中不宜用care for，而要用like，但在疑问句与否定句中则可以互换。
Incorrect: I didn't like to open her letter but I had to.
Correct: I didn't like opening her letter butI had to.
don't like+不定式，其不定式表示的动作未做，而+动名词则其表示的动作已做了。
Incorrect: I don't like to swim but I don't like to swim this evening.
Correct: I like swimming, but I like to swimthis evening.
like+动名词表示一种习惯，或like＋不定式表示一次性动作。而would like+不定式则表示一次性的动作，所以Do you like…问的是习惯，而Would you like…则为邀请，请求。
Incorrect: Fish soon goes badly in hot weather.
Correct: Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.
go作为转变讲时是系动词，其后要跟形容词。
Incorrect: Suddenly I listened to a strange voice.
Correct: Suddenly I heard a strange voice.
hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。
Incorrect: Have you watched "The First Blood"recently?
Correct: Have you seen "The First Blood" recently?
see 用作看见电影，剧目 watch则用作看电视比赛，则watch有在旁观看之讲。
如:Are you going to play or only watch?
Incorrect: You wouldn't look at her up and down.
Correct: You wouldn't look her up and down.
look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，
如:The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
Incorrect: The river wounded its way through the valley.
Correct: The river wound its way through thevalley.
wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound。而动词原形wound 意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。
Incorrect: Look, a beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
Correct: Look, a beautiful lamp hung from theceiling.
hang有两个意思:一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
Incorrect: The old lady has born the illness for a longtime.
Correct: The old lady has borne the illness for a long time.
bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born, borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如: He was born in Shanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用 borne。
Incorrect: The Yellow River has flown from west to eastfor thousands of years.
Correct: The Yellow River has flowed from west to east for thousands of years.
fly（飞）的过去式是flew,过去分词是flown。而flow（流）是规则的动词,其过去式、过去分词均加ed。
Incorrect: The room can sit five hundred students.
Correct: The room can seat five hundred students.
seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如:They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself， 如:I seated
myself in the armchair.
Incorrect: How long can I borrow the books?
Correct: How long can I keep the books?
借入英文中用borrow, 借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
Incorrect: I won him in the game.
Correct: I won the game.
Correct: I beat him in the game.
win作胜、赢讲时其后应接a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
Incorrect: The boy refused helping the girl.
Correct: The boy refused to help the girl.
Correct: The boy denied helping the girl.
refuse其后接不定式，而deny其后接动名词，但用于拒绝要求两者都可，作否认讲应用deny,如:He denied that he broke the window.而作拒绝接受礼物时用refuse。 如：The teacher refused a gift.
Incorrect: They wanted to steal the bank of money.
Correct: They wanted to steal the money fromthe bank.
Correct: They wanted to rob the bank of the money.
steal为偷，rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
Incorrect: I forgot my homework at home.
Correct: I forgot my homework.
Correct: I left my homework at home.
leave其后要接遗忘的地点，而forget则不能这样用。
Incorrect: This colour fits you very well.
Correct: This colour suits you very well.
fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如:fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
Incorrect: Oh, it's raining outside;please bring the umbrella for me.
Correct: Oh, it's raining outside. Please fetch the umbrella for me.
英文中拿有三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来（即双程）。所以拿来，带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。
Incorrect: The highway is shut to heavy trucks.
Correct: The highway is closed to heavy trucks.
shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close,而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!（闭嘴）又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合时，则要用close。
Incorrect: When you get my letter, please reply me as soon as possible.
Correct: When you get my letter, please answer me as soon as possible.
Correct: When you get my letter, please replyto me as soon as possible.
作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。
Incorrect: The teacher's voice did not reach the back ofthe classroom.
Correct: The teacher's voice did not reach tothe back of the classroom.
reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive（at/in）.
Incorrect: It spent me five dollars.
Correct: It cost me five dollars.
Correct: It took me five dollars.
英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作"花费"讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如： He spent all his money on stamps. 而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物作主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如： It takes me three hours to finish this work.
Incorrect: When I got home I found my key missed.
Correct: When I got home, I found my key lost.
Correct: When I got home, I found my key missing.
作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost， gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing.
Incorrect: Wait a minute. I'll dress my clothes.
Correct: Wait a minute. I'll dress myself.
Correct: Wait a minute. I'll put on my clothes.
作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on 与wear作穿着状态讲，但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress是既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a blue suit.作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如:I dressmy children in the morning every day.
Incorrect: The car won't begin. Would you help me?
Correct: The car won't start. Would you help me?
begin与start均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用start: ①机器的开动发动, ②旅途的开始。如: We should have to startearly because there was a lot of traffic in the street.
Incorrect: I don't allow to smoke here.
Correct: I don't allow smoking here.
Correct: I don't allow you to smoke here.
allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit.
Incorrect: The little tree was fell by a young woodcutter.
Correct: The little tree was felled by a young woodcutter.
fall（落下，减少）一词的过去式是fell，过去分词是fallen，而fell（使……倾倒）则是规则动词。
Incorrect: I have founded my key to my car.
Correct: I have found my key to my car.
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是found， 而found是动词建立的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded, founded,如:
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
Incorrect: My watch was broken. It couldn't say time correctly.
Correct: My watch was broken. It couldn't tell time correctly.
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk， tell,但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如:Please speak English.而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如，Tell me a story.但也有些特定的习惯用法:如:在作讲实话，讲谎话，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其他词如例句。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said…在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如：Can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如The father always speaks well of his son.
Incorrect: Oh, excuse me, did I step on your foot?
Correct: Oh, sorry. Did I step on your foot?
excuse me用于来打扰对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
Incorrect: Would you care for to see a film?
Correct: Would you care to see a film?
Care for 其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词,如:Would you care for a cup of tea?但care for 作照顾讲时与look after相同。
Incorrect: Do you understand me?Yes, I got to it.
Correct: Do you understand me?Yes, I got it.
I got it为美语，get在作到达或达到某一程度讲时为不及物动词，如:I got to know him. 我逐渐认识他了。I got to the station five minutes early.
Incorrect: The milk has gone badly.
Correct: The milk has gone bad.
表达由一状态到另一状态的转变的动词有become, get, grow, turn, go, 这时它们均是系动词，其后要接形容词而不是副词。
2 例题解析
［例1］The airplane in the hills.
A. hit B. crashed C. smashed D. struck
［答案］B． crash是坠落、崩溃。而smashed是猛撞。
［例2］Did you have lunch with your brother yesterday?
No, I waited two hours, but he never came.
A. by B. since C. for D. until
［答案］C． 要注意下列几组词一个是及物动词，而另一个是不及物动词,如:
answerreply to
awaitwait for
hearlisten to
opposeobject to
reacharrive（at,in）
seatsit on/in
［例3］When I ,the class began.
A was seated B seated C seat D was sat
［答案］A． 要注意seat当作入座讲时，要用be seated 或 seat oneself。
［例4］Every day I walk London Theatre.
A pass B past C passing D passed
［答案］B． 要注意这里应用副词而不是动词。
［例5］Students are expected to their classes regularly.
A present B go C attend D follow
［答案］C． 因attend强调参加课程、听讲座、上学……而present则只强调出席会议是否到场。如果参加球类比赛，则要用take park in, 而参加组织用join。
［例6］When did you my letter?
A receive B accept C got D reach
［答案］A． 因receive是客观的收到，而主观上的是否接受用accept.
［例7］The ball went over the fence and the football player asked a boy to
it.
A bring B take C fetch D give
［答案］C． 因bring是从某处带来， take 是拿走、带走，而fetch是到某处取某物回来。
［例8］Winter is coming, poor Jack has to money from his brother to buy a coat.
A borrow B lend C keep D ask
［答案］A． borrow 是借入，lend 是借出， keep 是可以借多久。
［例9］Mr Brown is a bit pale today.
A being B appearing C seeming D looking
［答案］D． 因seem 暗示根据一定判断，根据说话人的主观感觉，而 look 则重于直接由视觉得出的印象，而 appear 则是外表给人印象如何，而其实并非如此。
［例10］I can hardly the difference between these two words.
A point B speak C talk D tell
［答案］D． 因只有 tell 用于辨别有何不同的场合。其固定搭配有 tell … from … 讲出……与……不同。
［例11］Please me your exercise book now, said the teacher.
A see B let C take D show
［答案］D． 因这四个选项中只有D是要接双宾语的。这样要求双宾语的词有bring, buy, cook, cut, draw, feed, find, get, give, leave, lend, make,
offer，owe, pass, pay, read, send, show, teach, tell, write…
［例12］Was the job difficult?Yes, we found .
A the work hard for doing B hard to do the work
C it hard for doing the work D the work hard to do.
［答案］D． 因 hard 是形容词作宾语补足语。这样加宾语、加宾语补足语的动词有cut, consider, find, get, keep, leave, make, paint, turn, think, prove,
want…
［例13］Yesterday a man my car.
A hite B hat C hitted D hit
［答案］D． 因 hit 的原形、过去式、过去分词三者同形。这样的词还有:cost, cut, fit, hit, hurt, let, put, quit, read, shut, thrust, spread。
［例14］Do you like Chicago?
It's big and frightening, but I lived there for a while and I it.
A used B am using C used to D got used to
［答案］D． 因 used to do something 是指过去习惯做某事；而 be usedto doing 是直到现在仍然习惯于某事； to 是介词,其后加动名词或名词,当作由不习惯变到习惯的过程时用 become 或 get used to doing something。
［例15］The little boy can't the knot.
A loose B lose C lost D loosed
［答案］A． loose 为松开、解开，而 lose 为丢失、遗失。拼写相近但意义不同。类似的词有:experience (经历) experiment (实验)
loose (松开)lose (遗失)
advise (劝告)advertise (登广告)
［例16］I'd like to buy an inexpensive camera.
Well, we have several models .
A to choose from B of choice
C to be chosen D for choosing
［答案］A． 因choose是动词，而choice是名词，类似易混的词有: advise （动） 劝告advice （名） 劝告
accept （动） 接受except （介） 除……以外
pass （动） 过past （介） 超过
bathe （动） 洗澡bath （名） 洗澡
breathe （动） 呼吸breath （名） 呼吸
choose （动） 选择choice （名） 选择
succeed （动） 成功success （名） 成功
［例17］Look what father me when he came from work.
A brought B took C carried D fetch
［答案］A． 要注意 bring 是带来，take 是拿走， fetch是去取某物后返回。
要注意某些意思相近动词的区别。如:
ring -- 摇铃，打铃，电话铃响
strike -- 专指敲钟，打几点，撞击
refuse -- 拒绝
deny -- 否认
pay -- 偿付，付款
reward -- 酬谢
suggest -- 提出实验性或推测性的建议
advise -- 表示对经验不足人的一种忠告
look -- 由视觉得出的印象
seem -- 暗示一定根据的判定
appear -- 外表印象而实际或结果并非如此
stay -- 停留，逗留
remain -- 遗留，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分
discover (发现) 找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西
invent (发明) 研制出不存在的东西
remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事
remind提醒某人做某事
［例18］He sent .
A some cards his friends B to his friends some cards
C his friends some cards D his friends to some cards
［答案］C． 这句话还可以讲 He sent some cards to his friends. 可接双宾语的词有:allow， bring， choose， deal， deny， do， fetch， find, get， give， hand，leave， lend， make， offer， order， pass， pay， prepare， post， promise，read， refuse， return， sell， send， show， sing， telephone， teach， tell，wish， write…
［例19］That man looks familiar to me He reminds Dr. Brown.
A me to B me C me for D me of
［答案］D． remind somebody of 为使某人想起某事。有些动词要加宾语后加 of …，这样的动词有: rob， cheat， remind， expect， warn 等。
［例20］They had to turn to to go to the college for higher
education.
A the public in the way of raising money
B the public for the money they needed
C appealing money from the public
D fund raising for money of the public
［答案］B． 有些动词要求加宾语后加 for， 它们是: praise, forgive, remember, thank, turn to, take (当作)。
如: In the dark I took him for my father.
［例21］It seems very difficult .
A to stop the child to cry B restraining the child to cry
C to keep the child from crying D helding the child's crying
［答案］C． keep somebody from doing something 是阻止某人做某事，有些动词加宾语后加 from, 这样的动词有: keep, save, excuse, prevent, protect, separate, remove, choose。
［例22］They furnished their classroom some flowers.
A of B with C by D on
［答案］B． 有些动词要求加宾语后加with, 这样的动词有: supply, furnish, trouble, provide, fill。
［例23］We congratulate him passing the exam.
A of B to C for D on
［答案］D． 有些动词加宾语后要加on, 这些动词是: congratulate, hit, sting, strike, 如:The basketball hit him on the head.
［例24］How about going to the movies!
I don't movies.
A care much for B care much C care Dcare about
［答案］A． 有些不及物动词要接for再接宾语。如: wait for, care for, stand for, hunt for, ask for, change for, leave for, apologize for, apply
for, search for, prepare for…
［例25］Would you please from smoking while the lecture is in progress?
A. avoid B. refrain C. stop D. keep yourself
［答案］B． 这句意为在讲演进行时，请忍耐一下不要抽烟，动词后要加from的词有: differ from, learn from, suffer from, hear from。
［例26］To begin some work is to set doing it.
A. about B. up C. cover D. after
［答案］A． 意为要开始某项工作就是要着手去做，与about相连接的动词有:
think about, set about, care about。
［例27］All cars made nowadays are with safety
belts.
A. prepared B. packed C. built in D. equipped
［答案］D． equipped with 是装配。这样的词有: deal with,meet with, talk with, compare with, begin with, agree with, equip with, furnish
with。
［例28］How do you on with the classmates?
A. get B. to get C. go D. you get
［答案］A． 动词要加副词加介词组成的三个词词组有:
catch up with, look forward to，
come up with, go on with，
keep up with, go in for，
look down on, get on with。
［例29］He will his promise if he gives it.
A. allow for B. renege on C. renew D. stick to
［答案］D． 如果他作出许诺他将遵守诺言，这里的to是介词，这样的词组有：come to, stick to, object to， agree to, turn to， apply to， attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to。
［例30］The farmer decided to his fruit in the free market.
A. keep B. eat C. kill D. trade in
［答案］D． trade in 即交易，做、买卖，与in相结合的动词有:
give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage
in，fill in。
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