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1 语法辨析
Incorrect: Both Mary and John won't be here.
Correct: Neither Mary nor John will be here.
根据英语的习惯用both…and连接主语其后的动词一般要用肯定形式，即使把both用在否定句中其意也不是Mary and John都不来，而是二人不都来。因为它属于部分否定。
Incorrect: She is an English teacher, and teaching English in our school now.
Correct: She is an English teacher, and is teaching English in our school now.
在并列句中不是所有相同的词都可以省略的，当你连接的是句中的系动词时，其后面相应的系动词不能省略，即连接部分不能省略。
Incorrect: I like swimming in the river and to collect stamps.
Correct: I like swimming in the river and collecting stamps.
由并列连词连接的两个部分必须是对等的，即是名词都应是名词，是动名词都应是动名词，或都是不定式，形容词……
Incorrect: I am doing my homework, my mother is cookingdinner.
Correct: I am doing my homework, and my mother is cooking dinner.
两并列句中间不可用逗号连接，必须有连接词。
Incorrect: Although she is very clever, but she still studies hard.
Correct: Although she is very clever, she still studies hard.
在中文中有虽然……但是之说，但在英文中只需要一个连词，又如因为……所以because，…so…也是只能用其一。
Incorrect: My mother asked me that if I did not feel well.
Correct: My mother asked me if I did not feel well.
我母亲问我是否感觉不舒服。宾语从句前的连接词只能有一个。
Incorrect: The students, and not their teacher is in the classroom.
Correct: The students, and not their teacherare in the classroom.
当由and连接二个主语时，第二个主语如是否定形式，则谓语动词应与第一主语相一致。
Incorrect: Every boy and girl are given a little gift.
Correct: Every boy and girl is given a little gift.
虽然由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，但如果名词前有every,each,no,manya,来修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。
Incorrect: We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.
Correct: We will go both to Beijing and to Shanghai.
Correct: We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.
用both…and来作连接词时，其连接部分也是要一致的。
Incorrect: Not only Tom but also his brothers is going to swim.
Correct: Not only Tom but also his brothers are going to swim.
由not only…but also连接主语，其后面的谓语动词与其后面的主语相一致。因句子的强调点在其后面的主语。
Incorrect: Not only we cleaned the desk but also we cleaned the windows.
Correct: Not only did we clean the desk, butalso we cleaned the windows.
由not only开头的句子，如果不是修饰主语的话，句子要用倒装语序，因为not only 是否定副词。
Incorrect: The parents as well as their son is playing the game.
Correct: The parents as well as their son areplaying the game.
as well as并不是并列连词，它只是一个习惯用语，即译为和……一样，如果由它连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与前面的主语相一致。
Incorrect: He broke the glass, as well as hurt his fingers.
Correct: He broke the glass, as well as hurting his fingers.
之所以讲as well as不是连词，正是因为它之后不能用动词原形而必须用动名词。
Incorrect: He does not smoke nor drink.
Correct: He does not smoke or drink.
nor只是连接句子的对等连词，不可用于连接某一部分。在否定句中连接某一部分应用or而不应用and。
Incorrect: After that I never heard from her, nor I telephoned her.
Correct: After that I never heard from her, nor did I telephone her.
由nor引起分句时,应采用倒装语序。
Incorrect: I should have come here yesterday, but I hadbeen busy that time.
Correct: I should have come here yesterday, but I was busy that time.
but是转折连词，或叫反意连词，所以前面是虚拟语气，而but后面则为真实语气，因此不要用虚拟语气的句型。
Incorrect: We want to see the football match, but we couldn't buy the tickets, however.
Correct: We want to see the football match, but we couldn't buy the tickets.
Correct: We want to watch the football match, however, we couldn't buy the tickets.
"然而"，"但是"，在英语的句子中一次也只能用一个。
Incorrect: All the students but one is here ready for the exam.
Correct: All the students but one are here ready for the exam.
All…but连接两主语时，其谓语动词应与其前面的相一致。
Incorrect: Has you or he sent this postcard to me?
Correct: Have you or he sent this postcard to me?
由or连接两主语时，如同neither…nor或either…or都是按就近原则来决定其谓语动词，如例句中的句子换为陈述句时应为 You or he has sent this postcard to me.
Incorrect: The two boys or the girl is going to help Hellon this afternoon.
Correct: The girl or the two boys are going to help Hellon this afternoon.
当两个主语是一单一复时，应将复数主语放后，其谓语动词用复数。但在therebe句型中则要取决于离be最近的一个。如:There is Mary or her parents in the meeting room. 其用法与either…or, neither…nor一样。
Incorrect: She must have gone to bed. For there was no light in her room.
Correct: She must have gone to bed, for therewas no light in her room.
for作连词时要注意两点:其一是由for引导的句子不可放于句首；其二是在句尾句子的连词for前面一定要有逗号。
Incorrect: He didn't pass the exam for he didn't study hard recently.
Correct: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard recently.
由for引出的从句一般因果关系很弱，多数语法书认为不是因果关系而是并列关系，所以要真正表示因果时，还是要用because。
Incorrect: She will win the game is no question.
Correct: That she will win the game is no question.
由that来引导的主语从句在句首时，that是不可省略的，但如果用形式主语放于句首而将that从句放于句尾时,that则可有可无。
Incorrect: I do not doubt whether she loves me.
Correct: I do not doubt that she loves me.
doubt用在肯定句时其宾语从句要用if或whether来引导，而用于否定句时要用that来引导，而不要用if或whether来作引导词。
Incorrect: It is unknown if he will come here.
Correct: It is unknown whether he will come here or not.
这里的it是形式主语，而真正的主语是其后面的从句。if不引导主语从句，所以要用whether来引导。
关于引导宾语从句时的if与whether的区别，在如下情况下多用whether:
① I don't know whether or not you'll go
if后不能接or not。
② He doesn't know whether to visit that old man again.
在不定式前不宜用if。
③ I'm interested in whether he'll go or not.
介词后引导介词宾语从句不用if。
④ Whether he lives there, I want to know.
当宾语从句置于句首时，不宜用if。
Incorrect: I want to buy the same sweater that you are wearing.
Correct: I want to buy the same sweater as you are wearing.
the same…as为像……的一样。而the same…that为就是这个。
Incorrect: She had nothing to do but to cry.
Correct: She had nothing to do but cry.
这是由于前面的动词是do，所以but后面要跟不带to的不定式。如果其他动词则仍要跟带to的不定式。
Incorrect: The class will begin until 8∶00.
Correct: The class won't begin until 8∶00.
until 与till是同义词，一般没有多少区别。只不过在句首一般常用until而已。但until与till用于肯定句时，其谓语动词一定要是持续性动词，如:I studied hard until midnight yesterday如果是瞬间截止性动词则要用否定形式。
Incorrect: We had hardly sat down than the film began.
Correct: We had hardly sat down when the film began.
要注意某些固定搭配如:
no sooner…than
hardly…when
scarcely…when
Incorrect: He studied hard, not for he wanted a good job,but for he was interested in learning.
Correct: He studied hard, not because he wanted a good job, but because he was interested in learning.
for从句不能跟在not, but之后，但如果for不作连词作介词则是可以的。如:She loved him not for money but for the love.
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