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六、 介词
介词是我国学生学习英语的难关之一，因其涉及面广，且很少有一定规则可循，极易弄混，所以大多数学习者都有为难之感。但只有经过长期的语言实践才能逐步达到得心应手之感。千万不要在初学阶段去过分寻找规律，去推论它的用法。
介词短语（介词+名词、代词或动名词）在句中可作状语、定语、表语和补语。但使中国学生感到困难的是同一中国字在英语中却由不同介词来表示，如"去"字可以译为:I went to Beijing.也可以译为I leave for Shanghai.又如"的"字可以译为the key to the door 也可译为the
ticket for the concert 也可译为the map of China。有些语法书大讲其理由，但对初学者来讲不如将它们作为习惯用语去记，经过一段时间自然会得心应手，千万不要在那些所谓理论上空下功夫，其结果事倍功半。学习时可参见下表６－１。
表6－1介词常见习惯用法
| 种类 |
简单介词 |
at, in, over, on, near, up, by, besides, with… |
|
合成介词 |
out of, into, inside, outside, throughout… |
|
短语介词 |
according to, because of, in spite of, owing to… |
|
二重介词 |
form behind, from under, under after, except for… |
|
分词介词 |
including, concerning, regarding… |
| 介词与其他词类的搭配 |
动词＋介词 |
begin with, die of, lead to, listen to, play with… |
|
形容词＋介词 |
afraid of, good at, full of, famous for… |
|
名词＋介词 |
attention to, congratulation on, love for… |
|
介词短语的构成 |
介词＋名词 |
at home, on Sunday, by the door, at four o'clock… |
|
介词＋代词 |
I'm sorry I haven't any money about
me. |
|
介词＋动名词 |
The heavy rain prevented us from starting
early. |
|
介词＋副词 |
Since then we haven't heard from each other. |
|
介词＋介词短语 |
The dog came out from behind the
tree. |
|
介词＋不定式 |
They had no choice but to
wait. |
|
介词＋从句 |
We are thinking of what we should
next. |
| 介词短语的用法 |
作定语 |
The key to the door is lost. |
|
作状语 |
We went to the bar for a
drink. |
|
作表语 |
The wounded soldier is out of
danger. |
|
作宾语补足语 |
He considered that matter of no importance. |
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