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四、 数词
数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词。而其他的数字表示法如分数、小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。
基数词的构成如下表4-1。
表4-1基数词的构成
| 范围 |
特点 |
实例 |
| 1~12 |
无规律 |
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
|
13~19 |
以teen为结尾 |
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,
sixteen, seventeen, eighteen,
nineteen |
|
20~90 |
以ty结尾 |
twenty, thirty,
forty, fifty, sixty,
seventy, eighty, ninety |
|
21~99 |
十位与个位之间要加连字符"-" |
twenty-fivesixty-oneninety-nine |
|
101~999 |
百位与十位之间通常要用and |
three hundred and twenty-five(美语中常将and省略) |
|
千以上 |
|
1000~2000间常讲若干百,如:1200-twelve hundred.
6275 six thousand two hundred and seventy-five |
序数词表示法详见下表4-2。
表4-2序数词表示法
| 范围 |
特点 |
实例 |
| 1~19 |
各基数词尾加th |
其中七个例外:first, second,
third, fifth, eighth,
ninth, twelfth,
其余,如: four-fourth |
|
20,30~90 |
各十位数字位y变ie后加th |
twentieth…
ninetieth… |
|
21以后多位数 |
将最后一个数用序数词其余用基数词 |
21st-twenty-first
110th-one hundred and tenth |
表4-3常用数目表示法
| 倍数 |
两倍用 twice,表示三倍以上用times |
This room is twice as large as that one. |
| 分数 |
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于一,分母用复数 |
1/3读作 one third2/5
读作 two fifths |
| 小数 |
整数部分按基数词读,小数部分依次读出 |
3.14读作 three point one four
0.62读作 zero point six two |
|
百分数 |
%读作 per cent |
5%读作 five per cent |
|
数学计算 |
加 |
plus |
3+2=5 Three plus two is five. |
|
减 |
minus |
5-2=3 Five minus two is three. |
|
乘 |
times |
2×3=6 Two times three is six. |
|
除 |
divided by |
10÷5=2 Ten divided by five is two. |
|
幂、根 |
power; root |
42the second power of 4
3the square root of 3 |
| 编号 |
基数词置于名词后表示编号 |
Room 101 读作 Room one 0 one |
| 年、月、日 |
年用基数词表示,日用序数词或基数词表示 |
1990年5月4日读作"May fourth (或
the fourth 或 four) nineteen ninety" |
| 时刻 |
6∶00 six o'clock; 6∶05 five past six; 6∶15 a quarter past six; 6∶30 half past six; 6∶45 a quarter to seven; 6∶55 five to seven;
或直接按序数词将时、分读出,如 six forty |
| 币值 |
基数词+单位 |
six dollars; ten yuan |
| 量度 |
指人 |
身高 |
数字+单位 |
one point six metres |
|
体重 |
数字+单位 |
sixty kilos |
|
年龄 |
基数词+(years old) |
ninety-three (years old) |
|
指物 |
高度 |
数字+单位 |
The mountain is twenty hundred feet high. |
|
深度 |
The sea's average depth is 3700 metres. |
|
面积 |
We need a hundred square metres. |
|
温度 |
Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade. |
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