C
call
［误］ I'll call at Mr Brown.
［正］ I'll call on Mr Brown.
［误］ I'll call on Mr Brown's home.
［正］ I'll call at Mr Brown's home.
［析］ 作"拜访"讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。
call on drop in visit
call on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If
you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My school's headmaster
will visit America next week.
can
［误］ A blind man can not judge colours.
［正］ A blind man cannot judge colours.
［误］ I cann't call for you at ten.
［正］ I can't call for you at ten.
［析］ can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.
［误］ It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.
［正］ It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.
［析］ must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying.
但在否定句中则要用can't， 要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法，如：The lights
have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"can't+have+过去分词"，如：I
don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
［误］ We could not help to laugh at once.
［正］ We could not help laughing at once.
［正］ We could not help but laugh at once.
［析］ "couldn't help+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could
not but后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.
can be able to
can与be able to都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，be able to则可用任何时态，如：He will be
able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to，如：He finally
was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over
the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。
can could
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story?
care
［误］ I don't care coffee.
［正］ I don't care for coffee.
［误］ Take care for your steps.
［正］ Take care of your steps.
［析］ care for是"对某物感兴趣"，而care of是"关心，要当心某事"，如：She
didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
［误］ I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.
［正］ I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.
［析］ 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如：I've
got a football in case we have time for a game.
change
［误］ I want to change my camera with that one.
［正］ I want to change my camera for that one.
［析］ change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随……而变"，如：The
wood's colour changed with the season.
cheap
［误］ A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.
［正］ A teacher's salary is generally very low.
［析］ 工资的高低要用low，cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如：This car is not
expensive.
choose
［误］ We each had to have a choose of A or B.
［正］ We each had to have a choice of A or B.
［析］ choice是名词，而choose是动词。
class
［误］ The class is watching TV.
［正］ The class are watching TV.
［析］ class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：The class was more than forty in
number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词，如：The class are, in general, very bright.
clean
［误］ Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.
［正］ Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.
［析］ clean可以作为副词讲，其意为"完全"，而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地"，如：The
knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的"，如：Her
face is not clean now.
clever
［误］ I'm not clever in English.
［正］ I'm not clever at English.
［析］ clever at是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。
close
［误］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.
［正］ It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.
［析］ 这里的close是动词，意为"关闭"，而keep后要加形容词，所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。
［误］ Come closely so that I can see you.
［正］ Come close so that I can see you.
［误］ Good teaching and good testing are close related.
［正］ Good teaching and good testing are closely related.
［析］ close,closely同样可以作副词用，但其意义不同，close是"靠近"、"接近"之意，而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。
［误］ My school was quite close from my home.
［正］ My school was quite close to my home.
［析］ "与……接近"是close to…，例如：
He was close to fifty.
There is a busstop close to the station.
close shut turn
shut与close是同义词，如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody
out而不能用close，因shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之意。
cloth
［误］ The children wear very good cloth to go to school.
［正］ The children wear very good clothes to go to school.
［误］ I need a lot of clothing.
I'm going to make a new cloth.
［正］ I need a lot of cloth.
I'm going to make a new dress.
［析］ cloth是"布"、"布料"，没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth,
而clothes统指衣服，是复数名词，"一套衣服"要讲a suit of clothes， 如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt,
dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称，是不可数名词。例如：This clothing is needed in
warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如a
school dress(校服)，a student dress(学生套装)，a working dress(工作服)。
coffee
［误］ Please give me two waters.
［正］ Please give me two coffees.
［正］ Please give me two cups of water.
［析］ 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加a
cup of或a glass of.
colour(color)
［误］ Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.
［正］ Flowers are red, yellow and white.
［析］ 中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色"，若译为英文Colours of flowers are…，就显得重复了。
［误］ I like green colour.
［正］ I like green.
［正］ I like colour green.
［析］ colour green中的colour是green的同位语，所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。
come
［误］ I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
［正］ I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
［析］ come across是"偶然碰见、遇见"，要直接加宾语，如：I've just come across a
beautiful poem in this magazine.
［误］ Where do you come from?
I come from the station.
［正］ Where did you come from?
I came from the station.
［正］ Where do you come from?
I come from China.
［析］ Where do you come from?意为"你是什么地方的人?"而Where did you come
from?则是"你从何处来?"
［误］ The stars are coming out from the cloud.
［正］ The stars are coming out of the cloud.
［析］ come out of意为"从……地方出来"。
come in come into enter
come in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone
came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作为及物动词使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.
congratulate
［误］ I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
［正］ I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
［析］ 动词congratulate somebody on something是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：I
offered him my congratulations on his success.
又如：Congratulations!
cook
［误］ My father is a good cooker.
［正］ My father is a good cook.
［析］ 很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如workworker,teachteacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭"，同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如：I
will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。
corner
［误］ There is a post office in the corner of the street.
［正］ There is a post office at the corner of the street.
［误］ A girl sat at the corner of the room.
［正］ A girl sat in the corner of the room.
［析］ in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree
at the corner of the building.
cost
［误］ I cost ten dollars for the book.
［正］ I spent ten dollars on the book.
［误］ I cost two hours to do my homework.
［正］ It took me two hours to do my homework.
［析］ cost, spend. take都可以作"花费"讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱"，如：The
book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing
something"，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或"somebody+spend+金钱+on
something"，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+to
do something", 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
country
［误］ You can find cows in a country.
［正］ You can find cows in the country.
［析］ country即可作"国家"讲，也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式。例如：
［误］ Farmers live in the countries.
［正］ Farmers live in the country.
［析］ 但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan,
China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：New Zealand
is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：the
state farm(国营农场)。
cross
［误］ There are traffic lights at the cross.
［正］ There are traffic lights at the crossing.
［析］ cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如：Red Cross(红十字会)。
［误］ The little boy is going to across the street.
［正］ The little boy is going to cross the street.
［析］ across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。
cross pass
cross是指横过某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如：I mailed some
letters when I passed the post office.
crowd
［误］ The room soon was crowded by people.
［正］ The room soon was crowded with people.
［析］ crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：The room was crowded with
books.
cup
［误］ A silver glass was given to the winner.
［正］ A silver cup was given to the winner.
［误］ My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
［正］ My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
［析］ glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲I
drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.
D
dance
［误］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.
［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.
［正］ We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)
date
［误］ He studied ten hours a date.
［正］ He studied ten hours a day.
［析］ date是指具体日期。如问What's the date today? 应回答具体日期："October 1st 1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如What
day is today? 问的是星期几，应回答"It's Sunday."
［误］ Today's date is January first. 1998.
［正］ Today's date is January 1， 1998.
［正］ Today's date is January 1st， 1998.
［析］ 在日期书写中不要用序数词全写，而要用1st， 2nd， 3rd……如果一定要用序数词，其顺序应为：It is the first
of January.
day
［误］ This is a book about every day English.
［正］ This is a book about everyday English.
［正］ This is an everyday English book.
［误］ We go to school everyday.
［正］ We go to school every day.
［析］ everyday是形容词，意为"日常的"，而every day则是"每天"、"天天"之意。
dead
［误］ My father has died for ten years.
［正］ My father has been dead for ten years.
［析］ die是瞬间动词，它可以用于完成时，如：My father has died. 但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时，如：My
father died three years ago
［误］ We'll always remember the deads who were killed in the war.
［正］ We'll always remember the dead who were killed in the war.
［析］ 形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人，如the rich(富人)，the sick(病人)，the poor(穷人)，其后的谓语动词要用复数，如：The
rich are not always happy.
dead deadly
dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思，如dead right, dead tired,
dead sure。而deadly则是"致命的"，如：The rich man had many deadly enemies.
又如：Cancer is a deadly disease.
dead died
dead是形容词，如：Mrs Ginty was dead. 而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词，如：She died in 1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是pass
away, 如：My father passed away, this morning.
deer
［误］ In the zoo, there are many deers.
［正］ In the zoo, there are many deer.
［析］ deer是单、复数同形的词，如：one deer，two deer，这样的名词还有fish，sheep等。但如果讲There are
many fishes here. 这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"
desk
［误］ The boy sat in his desk.
［正］ The boy sat at his desk.
［析］ 在课桌旁坐着应用介词at, 而at desk 则应译为"在学习"，at table应译为"在吃饭"。
die
［误］ In South Africa many people died from cancer.
［正］ In South Africa many people died of cancer.
［误］ The old man died of overwork.
［正］ The old man died from overwork.
［析］ 死于疾病应用die of，而死于某种外因事故则多用from.
［误］ His mother is died.
［正］ His mother is dead.
［误］ The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.
［正］ The old woman died at the age of seventy.
［析］ dead是形容词，而die是动词。形容词表示状态，动词则表示动作。
［误］ He died in a traffic accident.
［正］ He was killed in a traffic accident.
［析］ 由于事故而造成的死亡一般用to be killed.
［误］ When the doctor came，the old man had already died.
［正］ When the doctor came，the old man was already dead.
［正］ The old man died before the doctor came.
different
［误］ My room is different with yours.
［正］ My room is different from yours.
［误］ The village is very different with what it was.
［正］ The village is very different from what it was.
［析］ different from是"与……不同"之意。
difficult
［误］ English is very difficult to be learned.
［正］ English is very difficult to learn.
［误］ He learned physics is difficult.
［正］ It is very difficult for him to learn physics.
［析］ 要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。It is difficult for somebody to do something.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"
difficulty
［误］ There was little difficulty to find him.
［正］ There was little difficulty in finding him.
［析］ 这种用法还有trouble, 即difficulty (trouble) in doing something.
dinner
［误］ When did you have the supper?
［正］ When did you have supper?
［析］ 英语中一日三餐前无冠词，例如：
［误］ I had a lunch at 12 o'clock.
［正］ I had lunch at 12 o'clock.
［析］ 在某些特定场合，如指某次宴会，则要加冠词，如：The dinner was given in honour of the guest.
dress
［误］ My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.
［正］ My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.
［析］ 一般来讲男套装用suit，女服则用dress；作男服的服装店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装店是dressmaker's.
［误］ The mother dressed the clothes on her child.
［正］ The mother dressed her child.
［析］ dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still too
young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词，如：He is not dressed
in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐，如：They
dressed up for the holiday.
dress have on put on wear
要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear，如：He has on a white
coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat,it
is cold outside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：I
saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.
drop
［误］ The students fell their voice.
［正］ The students dropped their voice.
［析］ drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意，有时可以互换，如：The dictionary fell (dropped)
from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。
［误］ I shall drop in you.
［正］ I shall drop in on you.
［析］ drop in是随便拜访某人，而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。
during
［误］ During I was sick，I couldn't eat well.
［正］ While I was sick，I couldn't eat well.
［析］ during后不能接从句，而when和while后可接从句。
［误］ I have been studying English during three days.
［正］ I have been studying English for three days.
［析］ during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间，而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时，不能用完成时。
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